Cartwright k 1995 meningococcal carriage and disease. Meningococcal b vaccination information for healthcare. Mar 20, 20 updated url links to the green book chapters. Serogroup b is currently responsible for most imd cases. An update for registered healthcare practitioners sep 2018. Invasive meningococcal disease is a serious illness caused by the gramnegative bacterium neisseria meningitidis n. Children under 1 year of age are most at risk of getting menb and should be vaccinated. Patient group direction for the administration of meningococcal acwy vaccine this patient group direction pgd is a specific written instruction for the supply andor administration of meningococcal vaccine men acwy to groups of patients who may not be individually identified before presentation for treatment. For advice on dosing schedules for missed vaccinations, and the immunisation of individuals coming to the uk, consult chapter 11, the uk immunisation schedule, in immunisation against infectious disease the green book.
Sep 11, 20 the green book has the latest information on vaccines and vaccination procedures, for vaccine preventable infectious diseases in the uk. Uk incidence of meningococcal disease amongst the under 1s in 2017 was 16 per 100,000 or 1 baby in 6,250 and in ireland 24. Meningococcal meningitis is characterized by sudden onset of headache, fever, and stiffness of the neck, sometimes accompanied by nausea. Gp practices providing this service should invite all eligible patients on a call and recall basis and vaccinate all patients who present to the practice and are in the eligible cohort. Since september 2015 uk babies born on or after 1 july 2015 have been offered the menb meningococcal group b vaccine as part of the routine immunisation schedule and babies born on or after 1 may were offered the vaccine as part of a one.
Immunisation of individuals with underlying medical conditions. The bacterium was first identified in the spinal fluid of. A conjugate vaccination meningococcal group c menc has been adopted in the uks routine immunisation schedule since november 1999, having demonstrated protective immunity in children aged under 2. Infectious agent of meningococcal disease neisseria meningitidis or meningococcus is a gramnegative diplococcus. Nes and hps accept no liability, as far as the law allows us to exclude such liability, for the accuracy or currency of amendments, additions andor revisions of any kind made to the training resources by a nhs boardthird party to reflect local. It can affect people of all ages, but is especially serious in children, teenagers and young adults. An increase in indigenous cases of an st11 capsular group w has been seen in the uk since 2009, and may herald a new hyper endemic period ladhani et al.
It also stops them carrying and spreading the bacteria to other people. Groups b, c and, more recently, w are the common strains in the uk. Since september 2015 uk babies born on or after 1 july 2015 have been offered the menb meningococcal group b vaccine as part of the routine immunisation schedule and babies born on or after 1 may were offered the vaccine as part of a one off catchup campaign. Meningococcal b disease is prevented by vaccination. They are classified according to characteristics of the polysaccharide capsule into capsular group, and of outer membrane proteins into type and subtype. Meningococci are gramnegative diplococci, divided into antigenically distinct serogroups. Information for healthcare professionals 6 the menb vaccine bexsero bexsero is the recommended vaccine for the routine infant immunisation programme and is currently the only market authorised meningococcal b vaccine for infants in the uk. Meningococcal serogroup b menb vaccination programme 1. Meningococcal disease is a rare but lifethreatening infection. Meningococcal infections red book 2015 red book online. Immunisation against meningococcal b disease for infants aged from two months. Although the green book official uk source for vaccination advice recommends a gap of at least two months between these vaccs, some doctors prefer to wait longer. Oct 03, 2018 meningococcal disease is a rare, but potentially devastating infection. The purified capsular polysaccharides of meningococcal group a, c, w and y have successfully been used to develop efficacious vaccines.
Meningococcal group b disease continues to constitute the most common group in ni 40%. Vaccines for the prevention of meningococcal capsular. Public health england july 2015 summary of product characteristics spc bexsero meningococcal group b vaccine for injection in prefilled syringe, novartis vaccines, electronic medicines compendium. Infection, by some strains of the organism can be prevented by vaccination and meningococcal vaccines are included in the uk routine childhood vaccination programme. May 30, 2018 the incidence of imd is lowest in ni 1. Meningococcal disease occurs as a result of a systemic bacterial infection by neisseria meningitidis. An interesting and important phenomenon has developed over the past four years across the uk, which is an increasing number of meningococcal group w cases, due to a particular strain.
Meningococcal disease is a rare, but potentially devastating infection in travellers caused by the bacterium neisseria meningitidis the most common forms of meningococcal disease are meningitis infection of the protective lining around the brain and spine and septicaemia blood poisoning. Meningococcal australian government department of health. Meningococcal vaccination in primary care amongst adolescents. Infection caused by group w has increased in the uk in recent years. Reassure that the new meningococcal vaccines will not overload the immune system and that vaccination only involves a very small proportion of the immune system following administration. The vaccination schedule recommended by public health england, based on the information in the green book,1 is complex and immunisation can take place in either primary or secondary care, or both, further increasing the risk of incomplete or incorrect vaccination occurring. Dec 04, 2017 groups b, c and, more recently, w are the common strains in the uk. Immunisation against meningococcal b disease for infants. Responsibility for contact tracing and organising the administration of chemoprophylaxis also lies with the cphm. It is caused by the bacteria neisseria meningitidis of which there are 6 diseasecausing strains called serogroups a, b, c, w, y and x.
Incidence and mortality from invasive meningococcal disease due to capsular group w menw has been increasing in england since 2009 and in early 2015 menw was declared endemic. Meningococcal group w meningitis research foundation. Most cases of bacterial meningitis in the uk are caused by group b. Immunisation consists of 1 dose given at 12 months of age as the haemophilus influenzae type b with meningococcal group c vaccine and a second dose given at 15 years of age as the meningococcal groups a. Prevnar has only recently been put on the recommended list for cll folk, and some gps are not aware of this as it used to be only for infants.
Meningococcal disease is caused by invasive infection with the bacterium neisseria meningitidis, also known as the meningococcus. Invitations will be issued in the usual way by the local child health office. Menc only confers protection against meningococcal c and not the other serogroups. Immunisation schedule treatment summary bnfc content. Meningococcal meningitis is characterized by sudden onset of headache, fever, and stiffness of the neck, sometimes accompanied by nausea, vomiting, photophobia, or altered mental status. Vaccination and antibiotic prescribing in patients with. Crude incidence rate of invasive meningococcal b disease in ireland, 19992015. Vaccinating teenagers should also help protect other people, including babies and older people, against meningococcal disease, including the highly virulent menw strain. Introduction of a meningococcal acwy programme for adolescents. Meningitis bacterial meningitis and meningococcal disease. Meningococcal b has historically caused most meningococcal disease in australia. The menacwy vaccine protects teenagers when theyre most at risk of meningococcal disease. The vaccine is recommended for babies aged 8 weeks, followed by a second dose at 16 weeks and a booster at 1 year. Vaccination is the best protection against meningococcal disease.
Nes and hps accept no liability, as far as the law allows us to exclude such liability, for the accuracy or currency of amendments, additions andor revisions of any kind made to the training resources by a nhs boardthird party to reflect local policy. Meningococcal vaccines may be given to pregnant women when clinically. Summary bacterial meningitis is a lifethreatening condition that can affect all ages, but is most common in babies and children. Guidance for public health management of meningococcal disease in the uk 4 nice june 2010. Nov 11, 2015 provide relevant, uptodate, evidencebased and nonbiased information to parents regarding the new meningococcal vaccines. Approximately 10 percent of the general population of the uk are thought to carry n. Transmission occurs through close contact, droplets, or direct contact with respiratory secretions.
Men b is the most common strain in the uk but other strains include men a, men c, men w and men y. It is a term used to describe two major illnesses, meningitis and septicaemia blood poisoning. The two most common types of meningococcal infections are meningitis and septicemia. There are 12 identified serogroups of which groups b, c, w and y. New meningococcal vaccines in the uk community practitioner. Symptoms of meningococcal disease can first appear as a flulike illness and rapidly worsen. Introduction of a meningococcal acwy immunisation programme for adolescents practice nurse training information. Introduction of a meningococcal acwy programme for adolescents information for healthcare professionals these training resources have been prepared with reference to the version of public health englands immunisation against infectious disease. Meningococcal b menb vaccine is routinely given to babies in the uk and ireland at 2, 4 and 12 months.
The meningitis b vaccine is a vaccine that offers protection against meningococcal group b bacteria, which are a common cause of meningitis in young children in the uk. The national education for scotland nes website provides healthcare professionals with training and educational materials for. Vaccines for the prevention of meningococcal capsular group b. Public health englands guidance for public health management of meningococcal disease in the uk. Meningococcal group c conjugate vaccine provides longterm protection against infection by serogroup c of neisseria meningitidis.
The first definitive description of the disease was by vieusseux in switzerland in 1805. Meningococcal disease generally occurs 110 days after exposure and presents as meningitis in. Meningococcal vaccine treatment summary bnf content. Illness believed to be meningococcal disease was first reported in the 16th century. Meningococcal in immunisation against infectious disease home. Meningococcal disease is a lifethreatening infection. Meningococcal meningitis vaccine immunisation patient. Immunisation against infectious disease the green book. Data and analysis of meningococcal disease is also available on the public health england website. All children are offered menb vaccine at 2 and 4 months of age with a booster dose of menb vaccine given at 12 months. Sign in or purchase a subscription to access this content.
There are very few individuals who cannot receive meningococcal vaccines where there is doubt, appropriate advice should be sought rather than withholding immunisation immunisation against meningococcal acwy disease for adolescents. The casefatality rate from invasive meningococcal b disease is less than 5%. Meningococcal disease is a rare, but potentially devastating infection. Meningococcal disease is an acute, potentially severe illness caused by the bacterium neisseria meningitidis. The green book has the latest information on vaccines and vaccination procedures, for vaccine preventable infectious diseases in the uk.
For more information on meningococcal immunisation, including updates, please refer to the phe green book, chapter 22. In particular, individuals receiving complement inhibitor therapy eculizumab are at. Introduction of a meningococcal acwy programme for. The decision to initiate contact tracing in respect of meningococcal infection will be made by the consultant in public health medicine cphm in conjunction with relevant clinicians. Lessons from research for doctors in training 3 health protection agency hpa 2011. Seek medical attention immediately if you or your child develops symptoms of meningococcal disease. Meningococcal meningitis and septicaemia notifiable. Immunisation of individuals with underlying medical conditions chapter 7 immunisation of individuals with underlying medical conditionsanuary 22 respond more poorly to vaccination and should be considered for additional vaccination. In 2015 the age specific incidence rate asir among infants, less than one year of age, for meningococcal b disease was.
Vaccines based on the serogroup c polysaccharide provide only shortterm protection to older children and adults and do not protect infants. There are several strains of neisseria meningitidis, the causative organism of meningococcal disease. Ciprofloxacin is licensed in adults for the prophylaxis of invasive infections due to neisseria. Meningococcal group b vaccine meningitis research foundation. Meningococcal disease the australian immunisation handbook.
Currently, the world health organization who estimates that 1 to 10% of the general population carries n. Most of the rest are caused by group c although the number of group c cases has fallen greatly due to immunisation introduced in 1999. In the mid1990s, meningococcal c menc conjugate vaccines were therefore developed that would provide longerterm protection and would be effective in infants. Explain that the vaccines have been introduced in light of the increasing prevalence and associated morbidity and mortality from other strains of meningococcus such as menb, menw. The meningococcal b vaccine is recommended to be given at 2, 4, and 12 months as part of a childs routine immunisation schedule. However, this carriage rate may be higher during epidemics 1.
613 367 334 208 956 962 1291 115 457 378 591 1152 1118 460 203 639 211 860 1376 146 1295 795 1011 773 279 1062 1170 1050 500 76 690 241 1433 63 697 970 91 199 120 289 758